scale-benchmarks

MONOPOLY — Scale Benchmarks & Estimation Formulas

When to Use

• Use this skill when the task matches this description: Reference document for monopoly scale-benchmarks.

Quick Estimation Formulas

User → RPS Conversion

Requests per second (avg) = DAU × avg_requests_per_user_per_day / 86400
Requests per second (peak) = avg_RPS × peak_multiplier

Peak multipliers by app type:
  Social media:      5–10×
  E-commerce:        3–5× (higher during sales)
  News / media:      10–20× (breaking news spike)
  B2B SaaS:          2–3× (business hours spike)
  Gaming:            5–15× (event-driven)

Storage Estimation

Storage per day    = requests_per_day × avg_payload_size
Storage per year   = storage_per_day × 365
With replication   = storage_per_year × replication_factor (3× typical)
With CDN/cache     = reduce by cache_hit_ratio (80% hit = 20% origin load)

Common payload sizes:
  Tweet / short text:    500B
  Social post with text: 2KB
  Profile data:          5KB
  Image (compressed):    200KB–2MB
  Video (per minute):    50MB (720p), 150MB (1080p)
  API JSON response:     1–20KB

Bandwidth Estimation

Inbound bandwidth  = avg_request_size × RPS
Outbound bandwidth = avg_response_size × RPS

Convert: 1 Gbps = 125 MB/s
         10 Gbps = 1.25 GB/s

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Known Scale Limits of Common Technologies

Databases

Technology	Single Node Wr