3d-games

3D Game Development

Principles for 3D game systems.

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1. Rendering Pipeline

Stages

1. Vertex Processing → Transform geometry
2. Rasterization → Convert to pixels
3. Fragment Processing → Color pixels
4. Output → To screen

Optimization Principles

Technique	Purpose
Frustum culling	Don't render off-screen
Occlusion culling	Don't render hidden
LOD	Less detail at distance
Batching	Combine draw calls

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2. Shader Principles

Shader Types

Type	Purpose
Vertex	Position, normals
Fragment/Pixel	Color, lighting
Compute	General computation

When to Write Custom Shaders

• Special effects (water, fire, portals)
• Stylized rendering (toon, sketch)
• Performance optimization
• Unique visual identity

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3. 3D Physics

Collision Shapes

Shape	Use Case
Box	Buildings, crates
Sphere	Balls, quick checks
Capsule	Characters
Mesh	Terrain (expensive)

Principles

• Simple colliders, complex visuals
• Layer-based filtering
• Raycasting for line-of-sight

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4. Camera Systems

Camera Types

Type	Use
Third-person	Action, adventure
First-person	Immersive, FPS
Isometric	Strategy, RPG
Orbital